Zika Infection, Prevention, and Transmission

Transmission 

Zika is transmitted by Aedes mosquitos, which also transmit dengue, chikungunya, and the yellow fever. Scientists say Aedes aegypti is the main transmitter of the Zika virus. However, the similar-looking Aedes albopictus, which thrives in more temperate climates, is also a prime suspect. Only females of both species transmit the disease. These mosquitos are found throughout the Americas except for Canada and continental Chile. They typically bite during the day. The lifespan of an adult mosquito can last between four to six weeks. They have adapted to urban development and can live in and around homes.

Infection 

Zika is spread when an infected person is bitten by the Aedes mosquito and the now infected mosquito goes on to bite another person, infecting that person with the virus. Zika can also be spread from an infected pregnant mother to her child during the pregnancy or around the time of delivery. Zika has not been found to be transmitted through breastfeeding. Zika has also been found to be sexually transmitted by infected men to their sex partners. The virus is known to be present in semen longer than in blood, but it is not known how much longer. The virus is present in blood for about a week.

Prevention

Limit contact with mosquitos to prevent Zika. Wear clothing that covers as much of the body as you can. Make sure you are in rooms with screens, closed doors and windows, and/or air conditioning. Dump or cover containers that are filled or can fill with stagnant water. People who sleep during the day should protect themselves with mosquito nets. Use insect repellents registered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Avoid travelling to places that are infected with Zika. Women who are pregnant or plan to become pregnant are discouraged from travelling to sites where Zika has been found. Have protected sex. There is no vaccine or cure for Zika. Treatment is instead aimed at relieving symptoms. Those infected should rest, drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, and take acetaminophen to relieve fever.